Theater definition – ryan

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Theater

The a theater in the language is the place of representation of theatrical, and its collection is a theater,(١) In its artistic meaning, it is a form of art in which the text of the literary literary theatrical is converted into acting scenes, performed by actors on the stage in front of a crowd of the audience. The theater differs from the theatrical despite the use of the two words for the same significance. The theatrical is the written literary text, and it refers to the literary side of the theatrical performance, which is one of the multiple elements of theater, such as directing, acting, fashion, lighting, decoration art, music, singing, and dancing at times. The theater was described as the father of arts; To accommodate these artistic elements combined.(٢)

The theater can be defined in a simple way as an artistic phenomenon based on a conscious and intended meeting between the actor and the viewer, which is in a specific place and time, and this meeting aims to embody a literary text by the actor for the spectator, using linguistic, physical, or two expressions together; In order to achieve intellectual and aesthetic pleasure. It is worth noting that despite the simplicity of the concept of theater, there is no single definition of it agreed upon, and this is evident in the multiplicity of theater definitions in different dictionaries and encyclopedias.

The theater is a form of expressing human feelings, sensations and different ideas using the art of speech and movement, and with the help of some other effects, and it is also a means of entertainment and pleasure as well as as a means of expression; It was stated in the dictionary of literature terms, for example, that the theater expresses the theatrical production of a certain author or several authors in a certain era, as he defined it as the construction that includes the stage, the actors, the spectator hall, and other halls of the administration and the preparedness of the actors to represent their role, as the theater can be limited to the viewers ’hall and the actors only, The British knowledge states that the art of theater is limited to the living performances directed at all accuracy, and with a planned planning to create a deep sense of Drama.(٣)

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History of theater

The emergence of theater

The theater is an ancient art, known since ancient times for the Egyptians and the Greeks, and it was initially linked to religious rituals, but it soon became a stand -alone art, its goal is not limited to enjoyment, but rather includes intellectual, educational and recreational goals for the viewers, and therefore the theater describes as the school of peoples. Most of the writers who studied the art of theater go to the fact that its beginning was for the Greeks, because of the prosperity of this art among the ancient Greeks, and the beginning of its appearance in the Greeks returns to the fifth century BC, except that the prosperity of the theater at that time does not mean that it was not present at the previous civilizations of the Greeks, and therefore the idea of ​​the lack of the art of theater before the Greeks is a denial of different cultures Entertainment for itself, especially that the theater is a means of entertainment and not only for expression.(٤)

That is why the theater is of different forms and patterns, an art of expressive arts that a person has created since ancient times, and it is difficult to determine the location of the first real upbringing of the theater and its time; Tragedy appeared and was represented in Athens in the sixth century BC, and reached the peak of its prosperity in the fifth century BC; It was closely related to the celebrations of the acting of ancient religious rituals and rituals.(٤)

Muslim Arabs did not know the theater at the beginning and spread of Arab -Islamic civilization, so that the Arabs did not know the importance of the famous Roman theater architectural buildings spread from northern Syria to Morocco, and when they translated the art of poetry for Aristotle and put the concepts of lamentation and the Arabs in exchange for the concepts of the Greek tragedy and bastard; This is due to their lack of knowledge of the theatrical text or theatrical performance, as the Crusaders did not know the theater; This is due to the ecclesiastical prohibition of this art, and therefore it was not transferred to Muslims during the Crusader occupation period for parts of the Arab and Islamic world. With the end of the Middle Ages, the European theater returned to appear again, its source was the Christian rituals of the churches, and the first theatrical texts at the time related to the Crusader wars and the character of Salah al -Din al -Ayyubi. (٤)

The emergence of the theater for the Arabs

The Arabs knew the theater in its Western sense in the modern era, following their contact with Western culture at the beginning of the nineteenth century AD; Where some theatrical teams appeared in the Levant, then moved to Egypt and received great acceptance and encouragement, which led to the emergence of a new representative team. With the beginning of the twentieth century, many new government theaters were created, and most of the performers were quoted or translated from one language to another, or transmitted from the Arab folk stories, while the success of the theater was the primary motivation that made the writers go to write the art of theater, and with the beginning of the 1950s the theater spread in the Arab world a great spread It is recognized in most of the official cultural institutions, as well as special institutes for acting, and the Arab theater witnessed a great development at the hands of the top Arab actors and directors, and the theater teams that offer Arab theatrical art inside and outside the Arab world increased, as well as a special theater for children in various Arab countries.(٥)

With the acceleration of global political events today, and the occurrence of crises that different countries went through in the second half of the twentieth century, Arab theatrical art descended and its movement decreased, and its role decreased in light of the emergence of commercial plays alongside the TV dramatic series that competed with the theatrical art with unfair competition.(٥)

About the global theater

Art in various countries of the world developed over time, and the art of drama has represented in each country prevailing customs, local beliefs, and legends, in addition to its representation of the different conditions of life; For example, three types of heritage drama have appeared in Japan, and these types are:(٦)

  • grandchild: It is intended by the full playgrounds, which are the oldest; As it is based on ancient Japanese literature.
  • Kapuki: It is the popular theatrical.
  • Jojuri: They are the di -dramatic play, and it is mentioned that the Kapuki and Jojuri theatrical playgrounds contain noisy music, and a sporty dance.

In India, the theatrical heritage – specifically the theatrical heritage was known as the Katakkali, was performed in the rituals of temples, in which the actors wore luxurious and expensive costumes, and represented stories taken from Indian myths, as they were making hands and arms in an exaggerated manner, in addition to facial expressions, and in China the expression of drama was done by performing the performance of the drama. Reviews that combine dance, singing, loud music, and clowning, as well as acrobatic games.(٧)

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  1. ↑ “Definition and Meaning of theater”، www.almaany.comBlind it on 10-31-2017. Exclusive.
  2. ↑ Adel Hussein, “Theories of theater criticism”، academiaBring it on 3/31-2022. Exclusive.
  3. ↑ “The History of Egyptian Art”، The electronic portal of Cairo GovernorateBring it on 3/31-2022.
  4. ^ A for Tot Ali Poetry, “The play has its origins, the stages of its development and evidence that the Arabs are late.”، iranjournalsBring it on 3/31-2022.
  5. ^ A for Abdul Rahman Ahmed Al-Ahmad (12-10-2018), “Introduction to theater and theater”، aspdkwBring it on 3/31-2022.
  6. ↑ “Culture”، web-japanBring it on 3/31-2022.
  7. ↑ Princess Maher (3-30-2019), “World Theater Day”، Egypt News websiteBring it on 3/31-2022. Exclusive.