A surprise in cancer research paves the way for more effective treatment

A recent scientific study revealed a surprise in the world of cancer research; It is that the errors found in the chromosomes as known as transfers, that is, “cut and paste” operations in which part of the chromosome is linked and linked elsewhere, is not just a limited defect that affects a gene or two genes near the rupture, as it was believed for many years; On the contrary, it appears that these errors can release a series of “genetic waves” that extend over a large area of ​​ten millions of genetic rules, and restore the activity of dozens of genes at the same time. This discovery changes the traditional perception of how some types of cancer, including the “Resurrection Cell Lymphuma” – a rare, aggressive type of blood cancer – as the danger is no longer limited to the cut off or compact genes, but it appears that the entire process is similar to the re -electrical network, which opens the door to a deeper understanding of new treatments. The chromosome transfers are one of the most important causes of lymphocytes, as pieces of chromosomes exchange their places, causing an imbalance in genetic activity, and this imbalance can disrupt the essential genes or produce hybrid proteins that contribute to the rise of the tumor. It suffers from one person out of every 100,000 annually, Almonda with stem cells, whose treatment is still a medical challenge for the absence of a healing treatment so far. Research has focused on genes near the refraction points in which the cutting and groaning process took place for decades, but the genome Regulatory Center team in Spain has proven that this view is very narrow. The study, published in the “New Click Esid Reservoch” magazine, showed that the most common transition in this type of cancer – as part of the chromosome 14 exchange its location with part of the 11 chromosome – not only enables one gene but also the activity of about 50 genes at the same time, or about 7% of the entire chromosome genes. “We did not expect to see a single transition that can improve the activity of this large number of genes … The volume of the disorder exceeds all expectations, and it opens the door to discover new genes leading cancer and representing possible treatment goals,” René Beckman said. The secret lies in a strong organizational element, known as the IGH enhancement, a small part of the genetic code that serves as a strong regulator of the heavy chain gene in antibodies, which is the protein on which the immune system depends on viruses and bacteria. The function of the improved speaker; It does not produce protein itself, but it causes the associated no large amounts of heavy chains when the bacteria cells must quickly produce billions of antibodies, but its great force becomes a danger if an error occurs in the chromosomes as the original location can break into another gene and that it is many cases to be able to cancers. What are chromosomes? These are accurate structures in the cell nucleus. It consists mainly of the DNA associated with special proteins that help regulate it. Chromosomes contain genetic instructions that determine the properties of the organism and the functions of its cells. The number is for each type; A person has 46 chromosome (23 pairs). It is divided into physical chromosomes and sexual chromosomes that determine the gender of the individual. During the distribution of cells, chromosomes are multiplied to ensure that a full version of the genetic material reaches each new cell. Any imbalance or change in the number or composition of chromosomes can lead to genetic or cancer diseases. When transferring chromosome – that is, a break in a piece of genetic tape and its cohesion in another abnormal place – can do the extremely powerful improvement of the gene to the neighborhood of another gene that has nothing to do with immunity, such as the gene known as CCND1. This gene plays an important role in controlling the cell division cycle through the production of a protein called “Cyclin D1”, which is a green signal that allows the cell to move to the stage of division and reproduction. Normally, the activity of this gene is accurately controlled, so that the cells are not divided without counting, but as soon as the antibody reinforcement drops below, it acts as if it was a gene for the production of large amounts of defense proteins. Therefore; The CCND1- no begin at its maximum work and produces excessive amounts of cyclane D1 protein, which causes cells to divide quickly out of control, and with the repetition of this process over generations of cells, an aggressive cancer tissue is formed, such as multiple crops, such as multiple myeloma or some lymph nodes. Not enough activity, but the team has proven that the increase in the activity of CCND1 alone is not enough to start the crop, and by using the Krisper technique for genetic modification; The researchers rented the same transition in healthy Bacillus cells, and the surprise was that the influence spans 50 million base pairs across the length of the chromosome 11, which affected more than 50 genes. The first author of the study, Anna Ansense, said that the DNA does not expand in a straight line in the cell, but rather enveloped in three -dimensional rings, “and if the igh is transferred, it ends up in an existing episode, which gives it a characteristic location that allows it to affect a wide variety of genes.” It is striking that most of the affected genes were not originally inactive; The reinforced increase its activity level more, which explains why the results of the transition differ between the type of cell and another or between different developmental phases. The results indicate the possibility of developing instruments for the early detection of the lymphoma with reinforced cells through the ‘genetic fingerprint’ of the BI cells that are at risk, before being a complete crop. The research team plans to study the role of the new genes identified in the development of the disease, with the aim of designing therapeutic strategies aimed at this wide network of genes, and not just one gene. The researchers hope that this approach will open the door for more comprehensive and effective treatments, not only for this type of crop, but also for other types of cancers caused by chromosome transfers.