Art definition – ryan

Relevant
The concept of art philosophically
Definition of plastic art

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The problem of the concept of art

Many researchers in the field of art differed on setting a specific and clear definition for it, due to many reasons that they expressed in their various intellectual works, as they considered that art is an open concept, and that intellectual works differ from each other, and change from one generation to another, and therefore it is difficult to define one definition of art. It was reported from the American aesthetic philosopher Morris Weitz that the characteristics of art differ according to the concept of art that is constantly changing through time and also changes from artwork to another. The Austrian philosopher Ludwig Fitkinstein (in German: Ludwig Wittgenstein) likened the nature of research in the concept of art in the nature of games; Where there are various and common characteristics among all types of games that allow them to be placed in the classification itself, but other characteristics are present in a specific type and are not present in another type that cause it difficult to put one definition for all games, and the same applies to the types of art. As for the English poet and historian Herbert Read, his opinion was about the art that there is no simple answer to his concept, except that various types of arts share their form or body. The professor of art history, Thomas Munro, believes that the problem of defining the concept of art is due to the fact that it includes different colors of cultural production, and that it is not limited to visual arts such as brokers and sculptures, but also includes music, literature, theater, and other arts.^(١)

The Omani Dr. Abdel Moneim Al -Husseini explained the multiple definitions of art due to the link to many other branches of knowledge; Like philosophy, psychology, and history, as he indicated that art is related to various human activities. The view of the professor of Islamic philosophy and Egyptian mysticism, Jamal Al Marzouqi, and Issam Abdullah, was that the agreement on a specific definition of art constitutes a great problem, as each type of art differs from other types in the way of reaching the connoisseur, and that artworks differ from art to art, and also differ from one era to another, and the philosophical difference in developing the concept of art had a great impact on this problem. In general, it is possible to summarize the reasons for the inability to define one concept of art as follows:^(١)

The lack of clear boundaries separating the various artworks.
The word art is linked to abstract meanings such as mastery and creativity, and that was from ancient times and continued to this day; Which led to the breadth of the circle of the concept of art.
The frequent use of the word art and its spread, and its association with many branches of knowledge such as philosophy, as the word has been associated with things such as industry, entertainment, magic and others.
The concept of beauty is linked to art, and the overlapping of the two words with each other. It is worth noting that the concept of the word beauty is also a problem in its identification and interpretation.
The concept of art is not subject to absolute judgments; Because of its association with humanitarian activity in general, and feelings in particular, artistic activity is considered a rapidly developed humanitarian activities, which makes it difficult to consider it as constant.

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Definition of art is a language

The word art came in many old and modern linguistic dictionaries; It was stated in Mukhtar Al -Sahah that art is one of the arts, i.e. species, as reported by Al -Hassan bin Muhammad Al -Saghani in the dictionary of complementary, tail and connection. Any adornment, which is the art of science, that is, good. As for the lexicon of the Arabs of Ibn Manzoor, the word art was defined as: one of the arts, i.e. species, as the art was defined as the case, which is the beating of the thing, and it was collected by arts and arts. While turquoise Abadi was defined as: the situation and the beating of the thing, which is decorating. The word art in modern dictionaries, such as the glossary of the upholstered, came as a beating of the thing, and art is the species, as the art of something is said, that is, decorate it, and the thing is mastered, i.e. its arts diversified, and the hadith is mastered, that is, the good of its style of speech.^(٢)

It was stated in the broker dictionary that art is the practical application of practical theories using the means that it achieves, and art is acquired by studying and exercising on it, which is a set of rules for a craft or industry. It also stated that it is a group of means that the individual uses to stimulate feelings and emotions, including the emotion of beauty, such as photography, music and poetry, as it is a skill governed by taste and talents of man, and therefore the linguistic meanings of art include that it is decorating or decorations, which is the beautiful style, skill in the thing and its mastery, and this meaning links art with workmanship and benefit. Also, art is creativity, creating enjoyable things, and bringing everything new.^(٢)

As for the English language, it was mentioned in the ART ART dictionary as an individual’s expression of the skill of creativity in a visual form; Like sculpting, drawing, or is a term that expresses creative arts of various forms; Like hair, music, dance and others. In general, art is all that expresses the skill or ability of what can be developed by practice and study. In the WebSter dictionary, art was mentioned as the skill acquired through study or observation, which is the use of skill and imagination in an awareness in the production of aesthetic matters, as it stated that art is creative work and skill.^(٢)

Definition of art as a term

The meanings mentioned in the broker of art are related to its idiomatic meanings and somewhat away from the linguistic meanings of it, and they give art three different meanings:^(٢)

General meaning: It is that art is seen as the practical application of scientific theories, and this is the applied aspect of science, which is called applied sciences.
Special meaning: He is the one who sees art as a personal skill owned by a professional or owner of workmanship, which is called applied arts, which includes handicrafts based on human skill in providing beneficial and useful matters.
More privacy meaning: It is the one who sees art as an aesthetic action that raises feelings of pleasure, joy and joy in people, which is called the fine arts, aimed at representing and photographing beauty and for the sake of distant pleasure from every benefit or interest.

The British encyclopedia defines art as expressing aesthetic ideas, by employing one of his imagination and creativity, and divides art into visual arts and includes drawing, sculpture, architecture, graphic arts, plastic arts, and literary arts such as drama, story, poetry, and performance arts such as music, theater, and dance.

It was stated in the dictionary of fine arts that the term arts is one of the terms that are difficult to set a specific definition, because of the controversy, as the term art includes many sections, for example, the art of cooking and linguistic arts, and these sections interfere in their manifestations, except that the contemporary use of the term art refers to visual arts of all kinds.

A historical overview of the definition of art

Below is a historical overview of the definition of art among Arabs and the West:

Art in Arab thought

Muslim Arabs used the term industry to refer to art, as it was stated in the broker dictionary that the industry is every art or craft practiced by man until it excelled in it. It can be said that art and industry share mastery, proficiency, skill, improvement, decoration, and work tightly. An example of this is what was stated in music as a type of industry; Where Ibn Khaldun says about music that it is making melodies and composing the weighted poems to cut sounds on regular and well -known proportions. The Arabs also used the term arts to refer to different types of sciences. An example of that was the book written by Ibn Aqeel, which consisted of four hundred volumes, and he called “the arts” and mentioned many sciences spread in his time. Judge Abdel Nabi Al -Ahmad also wrote a book he called “The College of Science in Arts in Arts”. Haji Khalifa also wrote a classification that he called, “Disclosure of the names of books and arts,” in which the names of science and their authors and the titles of its affiliated books and put them in a mythical arrangement, and there are many examples that show the extent of the term science and the term arts as one thing for Muslim Arabs.^(٣)^(٢)

Art in Western and philosophical thought

The art of Greece included any skill, whether it was achieving benefit and practical benefit, or aesthetic pleasure only, without the distinction between the artist and the maker, or between art and workmanship. Lloyd was called the doctor, the artist, the poet, and the builder of ships, a craftsman or a maker because each of them offers a benefit and contributes to making life better. The Greeks were confused between handicrafts and beautiful artistic arts because they believed that the work that the photographer or the like does not differ in its essence from the work of the carpenter; The word art in Western thought was called various humanitarian activities and science, not only on fine arts. The word art also called the industries whatever, so sculptures and hair, singing, and music in value with carpentry, blacksmithing, and surgery, were equal, and thus the hair was workmanship like any other tranquility.^(٤)^(١)

However, some philosophers who differentiated between industrial and fine arts appeared in Greece, such as Plato, as he was the first philosopher to establish the subjects of art and beauty in theoretically, and Plato looks at true art as the work that is far from the perceived daily life, which in turn turns away from the influence of senses and sensory perception, so he saw that music achieves good and beauty because of its departure from reality The tangible, and its impact on the human soul by giving it balance.^(٤)^(٢)

Plato attacked the acting poetry and described it as a naive simulation of the perceived, as it expresses deficiencies, and the material, and is linked to the sensory reality of the inability to express it without sensory tools. As for the epic, lyrical and educational poetry, it is considered a sincere kind of art, and it expresses the values of goodness and truth in society, as it praises the heroes, instills the values of good, and participates in the process of education and guidance. Plato also criticized the deception of the senses through sculpting and photographing, and he fought against this, asking for an art that is the greatest goal of maintaining dimensions, correct proportions and ideal engineering standards, and he said that the beauty he meant is straight lines, circles, and the formations that are made up of rulers and angles, and not what the general public understands from depicting living organisms.^(٢)

A video of God, wash me!

The types of art are countless! Did this reach the car windows?

the reviewer

^ ^A ^for ^Tot Syed Ahmed Bakhit Ali, Arab Islamic Arts Classification: Critical Analytical StudyPage 47-51. Exclusive.
^ ^A ^for ^Tot ^W ^C ^H ^Kh Syed Ahmed Bakhit Ali, Arab Islamic Arts Classification: Critical Analytical StudyPage 29-40. Exclusive.
↑ “Arab Arts & Music”, whole. Edited.
^ ^A ^for “The Definition of Art”, Stanford.