In a recent study, the genetic factors were revealed that make bacteria that cause cholera very severe, using an advanced accounting approach, and the researchers say that the research results can be a key to preventing this deadly disease. Cholera is a fatal qualification disease, which still threatens millions worldwide, causes the deaths of more than 143 thousand cases annually and affects more than 4 million people, and when injuries develop, develop symptoms in ways that make the disease more seriously and difficult to control it, and scientists struggle to determine the accurate genetic factors that increase the risk of illness. Cholera, caused by bacteria known as cholera, is transmitted by water and infected foods, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration, and it can make genetic properties, some individuals more vulnerable to cholera, while also contributing to the severity and spread of the disease. Cholera and genetic factors are one of the most famous genetic factors, is the blood type O, which makes individuals more vulnerable to serious cholera, and people wearing this family often suffer from severe diarrhea, which increases the possibility of bacteria in large quantities, leading to the pollution of water sources, making the disease more difficult. Scientists do not know much about the genetic features responsible for the seriousness of cholera because of these tribes, suffering from 1 in 5 people with cholera; From a serious condition due to a group of symptoms, including diarrhea, vomiting and severe dehydration. The researchers say that the mutations in a gene called CFTR, usually associated with cystic fibrosis, play a role in the ability of cholera, and this gene affects the transfer of chloride ions, which is of utmost importance to regulating fluid in the body. Although some CFTR mutations provide some protection of cholera, light mutations in those who carry the disease can exacerbate the symptoms, which contribute to severe drought, and in societies where cftr mutations spread, it can be more difficult; Due to the increasing fluid loss of those suffering from these mutations. The ability of the immune system to respond to cholera is also influenced by the antigen of human white cells known as (HLA), and individuals who have alleles (different forms of genes) can respond in a poorer way, allowing bacteria to remain in their systems longer. This long infection can cause long -term bacteria to fall, which increases the possibility of cholera spreading within societies, which does not have the appropriate sanitation. The multiple of forms in a gene called The Future of Interleukin also affect the immune response to cholera, and the worst immune reaction can remain the infection longer, contributing to the spread of bacteria by a long time stools. The researchers believe another genetic factor is the Darc gene, which codes for an anti -immune system, and some mutations in the DARC -no may weaken immune defense against bacterial infections such as cholera, leading to more severe cases of diseases. Although these mutations can protect against malaria, they can unintentionally exceed the severity and ease of cholera, especially in the areas where both diseases spread, and these genetic features are complicated the outbreak of cholera, especially in areas suffering from sanitation and healthcare infrastructure. Cholera distributed in the new study published in the journal “Nature Community”; The researchers also analyzed bacterial samples of cholera patients in six areas in Bangladesh, between 2015 and 2021 and identified a set of unique genes and mutations in the latest dominant strain of cholera responsible for the outbreak of the devastating disease in 2022. The study states that one of the basic genetic elements is the presence of CTXφ, which carries CTXab genes responsible for the production of cholera, and this poison disrupts the transport of ions in the intestines, leading to extremely distinctive cholera diarrhea. In the tribe that caused the fascism of the disease of Bangladesh, the production of cholera toxins was higher than the classic strains, which led to more aggressive dryness and more serious illnesses, as there was another decisive factor represented by the presence of genes that organized the hair with poison; It is an essential structure for colonialism in the small intestine. These genes, bacteria, help to adhere to the intestines of the intestines, enabling them to reproduce and spread, and the mutations in the genes associated with that tribe have led to them their ability to colonize and colonize and stay in a variety of environments, recently contributed to its dominance in Cholera. The researchers believe the mutation in a gene is called Hapr, which determines the sensor system in the cholera vibrio; This is also important, as this mutation disrupts the natural quorum sensor mechanism, which allows bacteria to remain in a very severe condition, even if the bacterial cell density is low, and consequently stems that enjoy the mutation can maintain their warning early in the infection, which increases their ability to cause disease and in different environments. In addition, a gene called Toxt plays an important role in regulating the production of cholera toxins and makes it more resistant to environmental signals, such as bile salts in the intestines, and this increasing regulation enables bacteria to adapt quickly to the host conditions, which improve the ability to cause diseases under different conditions. The genetic secrets of cholera bacteria collected innovative research between machine learning, genome, metabolic modeling on the genome scale and three -dimensional structural analysis to detect the genetic secrets of cholera bacteria. Metabolic modeling is used to simulate and study metabolism in the cell based on genetic information, and in this study, metabolism models on the genome scale are used to understand how bacteria convert energy and nutrients into their cells, which can help discover or impede ways to prevent these surgeries. The researchers have used computer algorithms to analyze the genetic data of bacteria and identify genes or factors that can contribute to their ability to cause diseases and distribution, and the genome of cholera bacteria is analyzed to discover genes contributing to their resistance to environmental factors, or to increase the ability of bacteria against infection. The researchers also studied 3D structures of proteins and other particles in bacteria, which enabled them to understand how proteins and molecules interact with each other, and how they can be targeted with medicine to reduce their efficiency or perform their important functions that contribute to the disease. Severe symptoms of cholera and these genetic features are related to the ability of bacteria to cause severe symptoms, such as prolonged diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, vomiting and dryness, which are symptoms that can lead to death in severe cases. The results of the study revealed that some of these pathogens that interfere with those who help bacteria spread easier, and the results show how these genetic factors enable the cholera bacteria to survive in the small intestine, making it more flexible in light of the environmental pressure and more effective to cause the disease. This research highlights the complex interactions between the genetic composition of bacteria and the ability to cause serious illness. The researchers say that the new arithmetic framework used in that study is a major step forward in cholera control, by identifying the most important genetic factors that make cholera more dangerous, scientists can develop better treatments and more targeted strategies to control the outbreak of the disease and prevent it in the future. According to the lead author of the study “Tania Dotorini”, a researcher at the University of Nutingham, the results open the door for a new era of cholera research, as we can develop instruments to predict and prevent serious outbreaks before it happens “and the ultimate goal is to translate these ideas into realistic solutions that protect the poor population groups.”
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