Columbus Day is a federal holiday in the United States to commemorate Italian explorer Christopher Columbus’s landing in the Americas on October 12, 1492. Since 1971 it is observed annually on the second Monday of October. In 2025, Columbus Day fell on Monday (October 13). The holiday celebrates Columbus’s contributions to exploration and the era of discovery, as well as the Italian-American heritage. In recent decades, however, compliance has become controversial because of the historical effects of European colonization on indigenous peoples. Historical background first celebrations: The first formal celebration of Columbus’s landing took place in New York in 1792, arranged by the Columbian Order (Society of St. Tammany). National Holiday: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared Columbus Day a national holiday in 1937. Italian-American heritage: Columbus, a native of Genoa, Italy, became a symbol of Italian-American pride, especially after the mass line string of 11 Italian Americans in the 400 president of President Benjamin Harrison Columbus. 1892 as a one -time national compliance. Modern observance: Columbus Day honors Columbus’s journey, the connection between the old and new worlds, and the Italian-American contributions to American society. Importance of the travel Columbus persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his western journey in search of trade routes to Asia. On October 12, 1492, he ended up in the Bahamas (San Salvador). While not the first European to reach the Americas, his journey elicited extensive European exploration and colonization of the new world. Controversion around Columbus Day while Columbus day exploration celebrates, critics believe that it overlooks the negative impact of European colonization on indigenous population groups, including: -spreple or disease -enslavement -Genocide and delacement of native peoples as a result, some states and states have chosen to celebrate or This compliance recognizes indigenous American cultures and contributions, with the recognition of the injustices they suffered during and after European colonization. Indigenous peoples’ day celebrated for the first time in the late 1980s honors the history and culture of Native Americans. President Joe Biden officially acknowledged the indigenous peoples’ day in 2021. The holidays can replace or coincide with Columbus Day, depending on state or local jurisdiction.
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