How did Afghanistan defeat PAK and America despite not being a nuclear country? Read war history in one click

Often called the graveyard of empires, Afghanistan boasts thousands of years of history. Over the centuries it has seen the rise and fall of empires as well as invasions and foreign occupations. Its relations with Pakistan have been particularly tense of late, although they have ancient roots. Similarly, Afghanistan’s relations with the United States were not so good either. Today we will know how Afghanistan was able to defeat its enemies even without nuclear power. Before that, let’s look at the history of Afghanistan. Ancient history and the spread of Islam Human settlement in Afghanistan dates back to the Stone Age. Over time, it became part of great empires such as the Persian Empire, the Maurya Empire and the conquests of Alexander the Great. Islam began to spread there by the seventh century AD, and by the ninth century it had become a major religion. During the medieval period, Afghanistan was a battleground between the Mughal and Safavid Persian empires. In the 18th century, Ahmed Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire. Then, by the 19th century, a geopolitical conflict called the “Great Game” broke out between the British and Russian empires. This had an impact on Afghanistan, but in 1919, Afghanistan gained full sovereignty. Soviet War and American Intervention The Soviet invasion of 1979 led to a major war. After the Soviet withdrawal in 1989, Afghanistan became embroiled in civil war. This led to the establishment of the Taliban regime in the 1990s. After the 9/11 attacks, the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 and temporarily ousted the Taliban. However, even two decades of military presence failed to achieve lasting control. After the US withdrawal in 2021, the Taliban regained power. Afghanistan’s strength without nuclear weapons Afghan fighters are experts in guerrilla warfare. They resort to ambushes, hit-and-runs and hiding in mountain caves. Local knowledge of the area also gives them a significant advantage. Apart from this, if we talk about weapons, America has been the biggest source of weapons in Afghanistan. In fact, when the US withdrew its troops from Afghanistan in 2021, it left behind a large amount of military equipment and weapons. Afghanistan also has Soviet-era weapons. In addition, over the past 40 years of war, the Taliban have seized large quantities of weapons and ammunition from Afghanistan and other groups. As a result, China, Iran, Qatar and Russia have been accused of supporting the Taliban. Apart from this, he also accused the Taliban of receiving support from Pakistan. On the other hand, Afghanistan’s mountainous terrain, especially the Hindu Kush mountain range, is a major challenge for foreign powers. Hundreds of caves provide safe havens for fighters, making it extremely difficult for any army to gain permanent control.