Chronic renal failure sponsored by the kidneys that work to liquidate blood, secrete waste and excess fluid to urine, and the appearance of a deviation in the kidney function leads to the accumulation of waste and excess fluid in the body, causing serious complications. The decline in the kidney performance is slow, as no symptoms of the disease are distinguished in the early stages, and the symptoms increase with the exacerbation of the condition; Therefore, the disease is only discovered in late stages. Symptoms of renal failure include symptoms of renal failure as follows: Low urine. Nausea and vomiting. Lack of appetite. Tired and weak. Problems with sleep. Muscle contraction. Edema, especially in the ankles and legs. itch. It is important to know that these symptoms are not limited to renal failure, as they may also occur than other diseases. Causes and factors of the risk of renal failure In most cases, chronic renal failure occurs due to infection with some diseases that prevent the kidneys from performing their work for long periods. We mention the following of these diseases: Diabetes Mellitus. High blood pressure. The prostate gland has been enlarged. Kidney stones. Urinary bladder cancer. Kidney cancer. Kidney infection. Some rheumatic diseases, such as: lupus, scleroderma, vasculitis. Partial or complete blockage of the artery that gives the kidney blood. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include risk factors for chronic renal failure as follows: Heart diseases. Smoke. Obesity. High levels of cholesterol in the blood. A family member has kidney disease. The complications of renal failure There are some complications associated with kidney failure. Heart disorder reduces potassium of the body, resulting in high blood levels in the blood, leading to an acute heart rhythm deviation that can lead to death. Fractures in the bone work the kidneys balance the levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood, which are two bone -building elements, and damage to the concentration of these minerals leads to bone weakness and increases the possibility of a fraction in it. Anemia occurs due to a decrease in the hormone erythropoietin secreted from the kidneys, and is responsible for stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. An injury to the central nervous system causes the accumulation of toxic substances in the body to damage the functional performance, especially in the central system, where the patient suffers from the focus, changes in personality, in addition to the incidence of attacks. Other complications include the following: decrease in sexual arousal. Inability. Weakness in the immune system. Pericarditis. Diagnosis of renal failure There are many ways in which kidney failure is diagnosed, such as the following: blood tests where blood tests can be known to the levels of some waste in the blood, such as: urea (urea) and creatinine, in addition to some other substances, such as: calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, such as the levels of this substance. Paul examination may indicate a few things that there is a problem in the kidneys, such as: the presence of certain substances such as proteins in the urine, in addition to the presence of a very low concentration of waste in the urine. In some cases, photography tests are performed by some photography tests to diagnose the presence of a tumor or injury, such as: ultrasound or computerized tomography. Biopsy is taken by putting a needle into the body and taking a small piece of kidney tissue, where this substance is examined in the laboratory. Treatment of renal failure focuses on the treatment of chronic renal failure on the cause of the disease to aggravate the condition, as there is no treatment that helps improve kidney function. The treatments used can be divided as follows: 1. Improving the lifestyle by following the following: Reducing alcohol consumption of the minimum. Eat from protein and salt. Take the appropriate medication in the case of some diseases, such as diabetes and blood pressure. Stop smoking. Maintaining a healthy weight. Avoid medicines that increase kidney toxicity. 2.. Pharmacokinetics There are some other treatments aimed at treating complications of the disease, such as the following: Some medications for blood pressure reduction, such as: angiotensin -conversion of enzyme – ACE. Treatments to lower cholesterol. Treatments to increase the level of hemoglobin and treat anemia. Treatments to strengthen bone. Treatments to get rid of the laying away. 3. Other procedures In some cases where a significant decrease in renal function is used: dialysis (dialysis) where it is performed by medical devices that filter the blood where the blood is placed by a tube in the device, where it is filtered and then returned to the body, and this process takes hours as it must be done several times a week. Peritoneal dialysis is performed in other cases, where a solution is placed in the abdominal cavity, then the waste of the blood is transmitted through the peritoneum membrane and then pump the solution from the abdominal vacuum. Kidney transplant, where a new college is implanted in the patient’s body, was donated by a deceased person or a living donor. Prevention of renal failure may follow some methods to prevent renal failure, as it comes: maintaining the physical fitness of the body: it lowers blood pressure as it retains the kidneys’ performance. Maintaining blood sugar levels: by doing periodic blood sugar levels. Maintaining blood pressure levels: By measuring periodically pressure readings and treating them if there is an increase in it. After a healthy diet: It is preferable to have little salt because salt increases the burden on the kidneys. Avoid smoking: It is one of the risk factors that reduces blood to the kidney, and increases the risk of kidney cancer by 50%. Like using medicines regularly: like NSAIDs, as it affects the kidneys a lot. Periodic Tests: It helps to discover any kidney injury at an early stage, reducing the complications that can be produced.
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