Study: A new genetic mechanism behind the development of aggressive bone cancer

A recent study published in the ‘Cell’ Journal (Cell) revealed a new genetic mechanism behind the development of aggressive bone cancer, known as ‘Bone Sarcoma’, which affects children and youth in particular. A widespread analysis of genomic data of skeletal patients has shown a mechanism known as “loss transport amplification”, which plays an important role in developing this disease. At the beginning of the disease, the cell loses parts of chromosome, and this may include important genes that control cell growth or genetic stability, contributing to increased genome stability. After losing the chromosome parts, ‘genetic transport’ occurs where chromosomes are rearranged, leading to the reorganization of genetic materials between different chromosomes, leading to abnormal genetic formulas. In the last phase, it contains the strengthening of the communicable genetic materials; This leads to a significant increase in copies of the genes in the transferred areas, which can include genes that stimulate cancer growth and can make it more aggressive. The study indicated that this mechanism occurs in approximately 50% of the high -degree bone sarcoma cases and is considered a key to understanding the large genetic complexity that distinguishes the cells of this cancer and makes it aggressive and develops rapidly. New techniques were used to read the long parts of the DNA to analyze different crops, and this approach allowed to understand how chromosomes are broken and rearranged, which helps the crops avoid traditional treatment. The loss of mutilation helped this study to discover that complex chromosome disorders are not unique to bone sarcoma, but also occur in other types of cancer. The research has also provided a new biological indicator to predict the development of the disease, known as “loss of change”, and this indicator can help identify patients who may not benefit from traditional treatments, which enable more specialized care and avoid side effects of toxic treatments. ‘Loss of changes’, which is a genetic concept, indicates the loss of one copy of the alleles in a specific area of ​​the genome, so that the cell has only one copy of this allele instead of two copies (one of each father). In normal cases, there are two (alleles) copies of each gene, one inherited from the father and the other of the mother, which provides a balance in the genetic function. Loss of changes occurs due to removal or mutations in chromosome, leading to the loss of one of the two genetic versions; It can have serious consequences if the remaining version contains a mutation or defect that leads to the failure of its natural function. In cancer, loss of changes is an indication that cancer cells have lost the normal function of the tumor -saving genes, and when it happens in genes, the cells lose their ability to regulate cellular division naturally, leading to uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. In the case of bone sarcoma, the researchers said that the loss of mirrors is an important biological indication that can be used to predict the path of the disease. The study indicated that the presence of high levels of loss of change in bone sarcoma cells is linked to a lower survival rate, which means that patients showing high levels of that indicator respond less to traditional treatments. This discovery is a great progress in the field of understanding and development of bone sarcoma, and it can open the doors for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at genetic mechanisms for this type of cancer, contributing to improving the quality of life of the patients and providing better health care.