Researchers discover the genetic structure behind "Stoting"

A team of researchers, led by the ‘Vanderbilt University’ in the United States, revealed the genetic structure inherent in a tribal disorder, or medically known as ‘fluency in speech disorder’. The results of the study were published in the journal “Nature Genetics” and are so far the largest of its kind, based on genetic data for more than a million people. Although stuttering is one of the most common float disorders and affects more than 400 million people around the world, its reasons have been inaccurate and inaccurate guesses for decades. Stutter is characterized by repeating cuts or words, or by extending sounds or suddenly stopping during the conversation, leading to great psychological and social suffering for the injured, especially in childhood and adolescence. “For many years, we didn’t really know why some people stuttered. The prevailing theory was either the reason is psychological or related to the method of education or even the dominant hand. But what we have now proven is that genes play a big role.” The study relied on data analysis submitted by the famous 23dm business, including more than 99,000 people who recognized their tribe, and more than a million others did not have this condition. This analysis is the largest genetic study associated with tribe so far. The researchers were able to identify 57 clear genetic sites linked to stotation, which belongs to 48 different genes, and most importantly, the analysis showed a genetic intervention of supporting with other features such as autism, depression and musical ability, which indicates the ‘general neurological paths’ that may form a uniform biological basis for these complex qualities. Statistics show that stuttering children of both sexes affect close relationships between the ages of 2 to 5 years, which is the stage in which stutter usually begins. However, 80% of children are automatically recovering or by speech therapy (aims to improve the ability to linguistic and non -linguistic communication, including speech and language, in addition to eating and swallowing skills), and the recovery rate is higher for women. As a result, the percentage of infected people with stutter is higher in men with 4 to 1. Stutter … what is it? How can it be treated? Stutter is a smooth disorder that affects the speech flow, as the injured know what they want to say, but it struggles to speak out, and it appears in the form of repetition, extension of sounds or a sudden stop during speech. Types of stuttering and its causes: development supports, common in children two to 5 years old and often disappear with growth. Nerve -Stotter, may be the result of brain injuries such as stripes. Psychological stutter, appears after rare psychological trauma. Genetic factors play an important role and often appear in families. Important stuttering symptoms: Include repetition of sounds, stop before or while speaking words, using filling sounds (such as ‘nations’), muscle tension in the face or body, changes in facial expressions or involuntary movements such as lashes or head gestures. When is stuttering a problem? If he continues for more than 6 months, or is accompanied by linguistic or physical problems, or has influenced the performance of the social or school child, or suddenly begins to puberty, it is preferable to consult a specialist in pronunciation and language. Factors that affect stutter: Sex: Men are more likely than women. The presence of a family history of tribe. Odor disorders such as autism or hyperactivity. Stress or emotional pressure can aggravate the condition. Psychological and social complications: Stoting can lead to loss of confidence, avoiding speech and social activities, or bullying, or falling school or professional performance. Diagnosis: Through the speech and language specialist, this is done through the evaluation of speech in different situations, identifying the history of the condition and its impact on the life of the child or adult. Treatment: Speech treatment: Talk slowly and focus on improving fluency. Electronic Devices: Helps improve the sound rhythm during speech. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: It is used to treat anxiety and tension associated with stuttering. Parent reaction: Parent support is a significant element in the treatment of children. There is no active medication yet: Despite the performance of experiments with some medications, none of them have an effective effectiveness in the treatment of stuttering. Stottering does not mean a lack of intelligence or personal weakness: the misconceptions about its causes are common, but modern science has made it clear that stuttering is a complicated nerve condition affected by genetic and neurological factors and not a result of personal or educational failure. For this reason, the research team conducted separate genetic studies based on sex and ethnic origin, and then the results combined by an extensive analysis. The team noted the difference in genetic signatures between men and women, which can explain why stuttering for some people continues as they disappear, among other things. Some of the most prominent of the findings of the study are that the generous gene stuttered in men is VRK2, which is the same gene associated with other studies of a person’s ability to communicate with musical rhythm, such as applause on the tone, as well as with the sloping of the language in Alzheimer’s patients. This gene leads to an enzyme known as “Kiniz VRK2”, a type of enzyme that regulates important processes within the cell, such as cell division, brain banging and interaction with chemical signals. This gene is on the sixth chromosome, and recent scientific studies have shown that it plays a potential role in neurological and psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and depression, where it was noted that some of the genetic mutations or differences in IT reactions in the brain were noted. Although the exact function of the gene is still being investigated, the understanding of its mechanism can contribute to the development of treatments for complex brain diseases that are difficult to deal with in traditional ways. The lead author of the study continued, Jennifer Piper Belo says: “We always thought that language, music and speak separate areas in the brain, but our study indicates that there is a common genetic structure that controls these high cognitive functions.” In addition to the importance of the results scientifically, it can make a difference on a social level. Summary does not enter hospitals, but it strongly affects the quality of life, increases the possibilities of bullying, reduces the opportunities for participation in education and work, and affects self -aging and mental health, according to the study. “Our goal is to use these results to develop early indicators to detect children who are exposed to stutter, and thus provide them with early appropriate support. We also hope to contribute to the correction of wrong and unfair ideas that have always been linked to the injured.”