The recent decline in Canada’s population has been attributed to a decline in the number of international students studying in Canada. Canada sees population decline between July and October 2025. That’s why Canada’s population fell 0.2 per cent in the third quarter — from July 1 to October 1, 2025 — according to data released Wednesday by Statistics Canada. As of October 1, 2025, the province’s population stands at 41,575,585 – down from 41.65 million on July 1. Ontario (-0.4%) and British Columbia (-0.3%) saw the largest population declines in the third quarter of 2025, followed by Manitoba and the Northwest Territories (both -0.2%). According to preliminary estimates, every province and territory except Alberta and Nunavut (both +0.2%) declined in population. This was the only other quarterly drop on record to come in 2020, and was attributed to Covid-19 border restrictions. “While growth in Alberta remained positive, it was the lowest for this province since the second quarter of 2021 (+0.1%), when border restrictions to slow the spread of COVID-19 were still in place,” the official statement said. Why has Canada’s population declined? The recent decline was attributed to a drop in the number of international students studying in Canada after Ottawa promised to reduce the number of study permits issued. According to the official release, the preliminary estimates revealed that the population decline in Canada was mainly due to a decrease in non-permanent residents. “This trend is the result of changing government policy regarding international migration,” it said. In recent years, Canada has reformed the International Student Program – tightening admissions requirements for temporary foreign workers, tougher enforcement of employer compliance and tougher labor market impact assessments to mitigate fraud, among other things. On September 18, 2024, Canada announced additional measures to manage the volume of temporary resident arrivals. These measures included: 1. Announcing a further reduction in the intake limit on international student study permits for 2025 based on a 10% reduction from the 2024 target of 485,000 new study permits issued, and then stabilizing the intake limit for 2026 so that the number of study permits issued remains the same as the 2020-202 programme. better aligned with immigration goals and labor market needs limiting work permit eligibility, later this year, to spouses of master’s degree students to only those whose program lasts at least 16 months 3. Limiting work permit eligibility later this year to spouses of foreign workers in managerial or professional occupations or in sectors with labor shortages—under Canada (WPTF Work Permit Program and IMPTF).