In a short timeline, between February and March, the World Health Organization announced the discovery of an Australian girl (30 months), with an “H5N1” bird flu before recovering later, and then a Mexican man died as a result of another dynasty of the disease known as “H5N2”. These facts raised questions about what the flu of birds is, their tribes, how the infection of birds to humans is to humans, and whether the infection of one person can be transferred to another. These questions, and others, were the subject of research published by Dr. Rajeh al -shishini, a researcher in the field of virus at the National Research Center in Egypt, specifically specialized in bird flu, whose research, published in prestigious patrols, focuses on the detection and pulling of different breeds of bird flu around the world. The rise of bird flu, the first description of bird flu appeared in Northern Italy in 1878, when it was defined as an infectious disease affecting poultry, linked to the high rate of bird deaths, and farmers called this disease ‘bird pest’, and in the 1950s, scientists have a group of viruses to understand the structure and behavior. Among the samples discussed by scientists were a dynasty of the virus that historically caused the outbreak of “bird pest” to discover that these viruses can be classified in subtypes, based on two surface proteins, namely: Hemaglotinin H and Noramedidase N. Shishini tells the “East”, that the bird flow is in the virus and the gene. Infection process, is the pro -virus -virus and has many genes, but the effective parts are in the infection process, are a limmate protein -virus and have many genes, but the effective parts in the infection process are a limmate protein and have many genes, but the effective parts in the infection process are a limiting of protein. of the infection process. N, the bird flu virus has 16 types of hemaglotinin proteins as mammals- specifically the bats have two types of protein, and bird flu has 9 types of light and light. He continues: From here comes the designation of the species distributed in the world; The type in which the Australian girl was “H5N1” is a virus consisting of hemaglotinin protein no. 5, the Noraminidase 1, while the type that the Mexican man was “H5N2” was a virus consisting of hemaglotinin protein no. 5 and the Noramamidase no. 2, but how does this tension form? What are the differences between them?, If one bird suffers from two types of viruses, a process known as the exchange of genes can; The genetic material of two different strains of the virus – usually of the same type – mixes to form a new stem that contains the properties of the original virus. This process is common in viruses with fragments, such as flu virus; The genetic substance of the flu virus consists of multiple parts, separate instead of one linked strip. And when two different strains of flu viruses affect the same host cell, these fragmented genomics can interfere and exchange genetic materials. This exchange takes place in humans and animals, especially when different virus strains are distributed. To this, Shishini says: “During the re -delay process, parts of one breed can merge with parts of another breed, leading to the creation of new tribes.” This genetic overlap can lead to the rise of new viral breeds with different characteristics. Types of bird flu virus divided the bird flu into two categories; Bird flu is many diseases, a low -case bird flu, and the first category is characterized by its danger, its effect on poultry and potential risks on humans. The highly pathogenic bird flu, which often occurs due to certain subtypes of H5 and H7 virus, leads to serious diseases, high mortality rates in household poultry, with symptoms that include shortness of breath, nerve signs and rapid death, which require a collective performance of poultry, to control and reduce economic losses. Certain tribes such as H5N1 and H7N9 can also affect people, causing serious illnesses and sometimes death, which poses great risks to public health. By contrast; Low -snykbird flu causes mild symptoms, or does not occur in birds at all, although it can affect productivity. It is also less dangerous for human health compared to the first category, and it usually causes mild respiratory symptoms. H5N1 .. The first appearance in 1996 the H5N1 is the first in home birds in Hong Kong. A year later, this tribe caused the disease to spread significantly after the virus struck 18 people, and led to the death of 6 people in Hong Kong, and that was the first known condition in which the virus was transmitted directly from birds to humans, and this virus still caused more than 860 human injuries with a death rate of more than 50%. All flu viruses only affect birds in the first place, but over time it could develop a mechanism that allows them to move to people. Here, Shishini says: “Flu viruses affect birds by switching to a future that is called the ability of Alpha acid virus 2-3.” The hemaglotinin protein on the surface of the flu virus plays a decisive role in the association with host cells; Bird flu viruses usually contain the hemaglotinin protein, which, on a preferred way to the receptors of the acidic acid associated with alpha 2-3, but that the human virus can affect the human virus more efficiently, the mutations in the hemaglinin protein may change its preference associated with the acid associated with the acid. In the lower respiratory system of humans, there is a small group of acid receptors associated with alpha 2-3 similar to those in birds, whose infection of birds is transferred to humans. “Fortunately, these receptors are found in the lower breathing channel, which does not enable the infection to transfer from humans to humans,” says Shishini, noting that the greatest threat lies in the possibility of a surge that allows the virus to be linked to the acidic acid receptors spread with the 2-6, which spread in the upper respiratory system. If the virus is associated with these receptors, a pandemic will occur far more than the new Corona epidemic; The virus will then be able to move from a person to a person, and the average mortality rate associated with the bird flu approaches 50% compared to the average deaths of the Corona virus deaths, which, according to Shishini, was no more than 1%. The epidemic of the future does not include Dr. Rajeh al -hishini from the possibility of a future epidemic due to bird flu; The view of the flu seen in 1918, often called ‘Spanish flu’, was caused by H1N1 Bird Intgrocta virus. This epidemic is still one of the deadliest epidemics in the history of humanity, as it hit about a third of the world population at the time, and led to the death of an estimated 50 million people worldwide. The epidemic had a devastating effect, especially on young people, and spread quickly all over the world as a result of the increase in world journey related to the First World War. The virus, together with a lack of effective treatments and vaccines, contributed to the high mortality rate. Al -shaini says that this pandemic can mainly be caused by a flu virus that originally affects birds “and then develops and adapts to harm humans”, although the exact origin of the virus caused by the flu pandema in 1918, a topic of discussion and scientific examination, but modern research indicates its origin in birds. The pandemic of 1918 and many studies identified the similarities between the 1918 virus and bird flu viruses, especially the subspecies H1, H2 and N1. The virus is assumed that it grew up in birds, perhaps by reforming the bird flu viruses, and then adapting to people, which led to a continuous transmission of man to man. One of the prevailing theories is also that the 1918 virus grew up in poultry or wild birds, perhaps through the direct transmission to humans, or through intermediate host. Poultry was widely distributed during the First World War, and the movement of birds across continents could have facilitated the spread of the virus. However, there is a glitter of hope; Like dr. Rajeh al -shaini says, unlike the lack of medicine, treatments and vaccines in 1918, there are now a set of vaccines and antivirals that may contain well -known types of flu virus, “but the danger is in our inability to predict the behavior of the behavior) Ross and his ability to adjust. Disaster occurs.
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